PHOTO-ASSISTED DEGRADATION OF 3-MERCAPTOPROPIONIC ACID BY FENTON REAGENT

ABSTRACTObjectives: The main objective of the research were to develop an energy saver, cheaper eco-friendly method for removal of pollutants, becauseanother process needing a large consumption of energy, time and produce harmful byproducts. This process may used to eliminate toxic and bioresistantorganic and inorganic pollutants through their transformation into harmless species. Thiol compounds are widely used in pharmaceuticalsand agrochemicals. These chemicals has high risk bracket for human health diseases like, corrosive to skin, eyes, respiratory system, chemical burns,irritation, ulcers etc.Methods: The Photo-assisted degradation of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid by Fenton reagent has been investigated. The effect of various reactionparameters such as conc. of substrate, conc. of H2O2, conc. of FeSO4, pH, polarity of solvent and catalyst variation on the rate of photocatalytic processhas been studied.Results: The control experiments were performed. The reaction was carried out in the presence of Fenton reagent, oxygen and light. Advancedoxidation processes (AOPs) have proved superiority over the conventional techniques like precipitation, flocculation, filtration, incineration or thebiological pathways. These methods are based on the principle of generation of highly reactive hydroxyl radical, which is capable for destruction ofpollutants. The Photoproduct 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid was characterized by physical, chemical and spectral methods. A tentative mechanism hasbeen proposed with overall reaction.Conclusion: This research method is promising and eco-friendly for removal of pollutants from wastewater. The treated water may be used for dailypurpose like irrigation and cleaning etc.Keywords: Photosensitized oxidation, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid, Fenton and photo-Fenton reagent

Fluoride Removal from Water Using Adsorption Method with Different Compounds: A Comprehensive Review

This comprehensive review paper explores the diverse range of compounds employed in the adsorption process for the removal of fluoride from water. The escalating levels of fluoride contamination in drinking water sources pose a significant health threat to communities worldwide. Adsorption is a widely acknowledged and effective method for mitigating this concern, involving various compounds such as activated carbon, metal oxides, and biomaterials. It focuses on the mechanisms, adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and factors affecting the efficiency of fluoride removal using these compounds. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each compound, considering their applicability in different environmental conditions and scale of operation. Furthermore, we scrutinize the regeneration and cost-effectiveness of these materials. This review consolidates the existing knowledge on fluoride removal via adsorption techniques, offering valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners involved in water purification. The main objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive, and up-to-date assessment of the subject matter

Political Consciousness among Rural Women in Indian Himalaya: A Study of Kumaon Hills

Present piece of research is an attempt to investigate and access the political awareness among rural women through their own view point. The study was conducted in the Eastern division of Himalayan state of Uttarakhand (India). Keeping in view the vast ecological variation, the study area is divided into four ecological zones named as Shiwaliks, Lesser Himalaya, Great Himalaya and Trance Himalaya. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 25 villages from study area giving due representation to each ecological zones. Descriptive statistical techniques were used for the analysis of the data. It was found that all women cast their vote in village body elections (Gram sabha and Gam Panchayet) but this enthusiasm of participation sinks down for higher election of state assembly (MLA) and Parliament (MP), 56.82 and 46.46 percent respectively. Though almost half of the women cast their vote for higher elections yet only one-forth to one-fifth women know the name of their elected MLA and MP respectively, which depicts that they don’t have much interest in these higher body elections and casting vote is just the execution of the family decision taken by the males of the family. Further it was found that only 27.33 percent women know about the political parties and affiliation to the parties is limited to 4.68 percent women only. However 86.33 percent women were aware about the duties and functions of village bodies and more than two-third supported the higher reservation for women in these bodies. A clear cut zonal variation in all parameters of awareness and action were observed under different zone, ranging highest in Siwaliks followed by Trans Himalaya and Lesser Himalaya and the lowest at Great Himalaya. Besides drudgery and illiteracy, lack of access to the information was one of the major factors for poor awareness of politics. Only 22.79 percent women listen daily news through radio and Television; just 6.06 percent read newspaper every day. Besides these the socio economic setup, poverty, accessibility, proximity to the cities and plain areas and less importance given to the rural women by political parties and candidates are the other major factors for their poor awareness. Keywords: political consciousness, elections, rural women, Kumaon hills, Himalaya

Nanoparticulate system for cancer therapy: An updated review

Nowadays, pharmaceutical nanotechnology has been developed as the most emerging branch in the field of pharmacy. “Nanotechnology refers to the nanosize formulation. These nanoformulations may be used in treatment of various life-threading diseases like cancer. Due to the advantages of their nano size and shape, nanoformulations have been shown to be favorable drug delivery systems and may be useful for encapsulating and conjugating of drugs, enabling most precise tumor targeting and controlled release. Nanoparticle drug delivery system have several advantages such as enhanced intracellular infi ltration, hydrophobic solubility, and drug circulation time and also reduce nonspecifi c uptake and toxic effect for cancer therapy. A large number of Nanoparticle technologies have been developed for cancer treatment to improve the therapeutic effi cacy and safety for anticancer drugs. In this paper, we review the most signifi cant advancement in pharmaceutical nanotechnologies with methods of preparation and their usein drug delivery for cancer therapy